Alabama all cities by population. 37K), and Birmingham city (196.
Alabama all cities by population. Also showing how to paint Alabama County map with your data. com. Discover population, economy, health, and more with the most comprehensive global statistics at your fingertips. Demographics and population information by ZIP code in Alabama. Aug 7, 2025 · The most populous counties in Alabama are Jefferson County with 664,744, Madison County at 423,355, Mobile County with 412,339, Baldwin County at 261,608, and Tuscaloosa County with 241,212. Fifty-one of those places grew by more than 100 people, and six increased their population by more than 1,000 people. Feb 6, 2022 · Canva Fastest growing cities in Alabama Population growth in the United States is slowing. Demographic Composition: Tuscaloosa is a diverse city with a mix of African American, white, Hispanic, and international communities. Demographics and population of Alabama cities. From the bustling urban centers to charming small towns, discover the key demographics and learn which cities top the population charts. The capital city is Montgomery. If you have any questions about this or other local data, please Aug 16, 2021 · Alabama city, town and place population totals Search for a city, town or Census designated place in Alabama in the table below. Census Bureau reported population estimates for 2024 for 463 cities and towns across Alabama. Among them, Washington County is the oldest one (established in 1800) while Houston County is the youngest (established in 1903). This is a list of all cities and towns in the state of Alabama with a population of over 5,000 people. Discover Top 99 Cities with the Highest Population in Alabama in 2025. Access demographics for a 5-mile radius around all AL cities. List of all cities in Alabama with a population of at least 5,000 people Stats about all US cities - real estate, relocation info, crime, house prices, schools, races, income, photos, sex offenders, maps, education, weather, home value Oct 8, 2021 · Alabama has 578 places; 460 incorporated places and 118 census designated places (CDPs). 36K). Based on the US Census Vintage data estimates, in 2024, among all Alabama cities and places, Huntsville city had the highest population (230. Here is a look at the biggest cities in Alabama. You can see similar ranking information for other states. See all cities/towns in List View or use the map below to review. Cities and Towns in Dallas County, Alabama Founded in 1818, Dallas County is the 29th biggest county by population (out of 67) in the Alabama is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. Jan 1, 2025 · Explore U. You can get the most current Census population data for all 1,577 California cities, sorted from the most populous cities in California to the least, according to the 2024 Population Estimates Program and 2023 American Demographic data for Alabama and each county and city in Alabama. The icon links to further information about a selected place including its population structure (gender, age groups, age distribution, urbanization, »race«, ethnicity). Oct 29, 2023 · Known for its southern hospitality and popular college football programs, Alabama is one of the largest states in the South. 00% of Alabama's population, and then Jan 2, 2025 · A historical list of the largest cities in the state of Alabama from the 2021 census, ranked by population Jan 26, 2023 · If you are wondering which cities are comparatively more populated and consider different aspects of the increase in population, check out this list of the most populated cities in Alabama. By population. Alabama’s cities and towns are home to a blend of cultural heritage, thriving industries, and close-knit communities, offering a unique glimpse into the state’s identity. May 23, 2023 · The U. Demographics and population of Baldwin County, AL cities. demographic trends showing 2025 population data by state and cities, including detailed articles on regional changes. Jun 25, 2025 · Of Alabama's largest cities, only one is consistently increasing in population: Huntsville. This is a list of the five most populous incorporated places and the capital city (if not one of those five places) in all 50 U. Population of Alabama state. QuickFacts is currently undergoing a maintenance cycle. From bustling urban centers to cities steeped in tradition, Alabama’s largest cities showcase the state’s diversity and vibrant spirit. Due to its close economic ties to Columbus, Georgia, Phenix City observes Eastern Time on a de facto basis (as opposed to the rest of Alabama, which adheres to Central Time). Huntsville city was the most populated city or place (town or village) (215. But depending on where you are in the country, it might not always feel that way. Baldwin County Cities Summary Largest City Daphne is the largest city in Baldwin County, with a population of 32,080. Explore now! A list of all Alabama towns and cities including their population and their elected officials. com States Largest Cities in Alabama State Below is a list of the largest cities in Alabama ranked by population. That allowed Birmingham to return to No. The biggest county by land area is Baldwin County (4,118 km²) and the smallest is List of Baldwin County, AL cities by population: from largest (biggest) to smallest. Jun 8, 2021 · The city of Mobile is the County seat. Explore key stats on demographics, crime, and more. In 2010, 67% of Alabama's population identified as non-Hispanic White. At the same time, a There are 67 counties in Alabama. Jefferson County is the largest county in the state, with a population of 658,517. [13] Sep 4, 2018 · Definitions This page reports on the population distribution in Alabama, both in terms of raw head counts, and in terms of population density per square mile. From 2010 to 2020, the population grew by just 7. POPULATION OF ALL INCORPORATED PLACES AND UNINCORPORATED PLACES Feb 28, 2024 · Explore the most populous cities in Alabama, featuring detailed insights into demographics, growth trends, and a comparative analysis of the top urban centers. Population density, maps, growth rate. Dec 10, 2024 · Yes, Huntsville is now Alabama’s largest city - technically. It has a population of 5,197,720, making it the 24th most populated state in the country. Estimated Alabama population 2025: 5,021,428 Jan 2, 2025 · A historical list of the largest cities in the state of Alabama from the 2017 census, ranked by population Feb 13, 2025 · Explore latest ranking of cities in Alabama by Hispanic Asian population, with a 5-year trend analysis. If current trends prevail, the three cities seem destined to continue jockeying back and forth. 40K), followed by Mobile city (201. Jul 1, 2024 · Top 10 Cities of Alabama ranked by population and presented with map, charts and links to related pages. Population Growth From 2022 to 2023, 259 cities and towns in Alabama experienced some population growth, gaining at least one person. Find counties with highest White population, key demographic shifts and more. Discover all cities in Alabama with our comprehensive directory. 0 square miles. Why it matters: In recent years, especially since 2020, Mobile, Birmingham and Montgomery have been slowly declining in population while Huntsville has soared into the No. In every state Alabama has 749 cities / towns. It has several large cities with populations over 100,000 people, including Birmingham (the most populous city), Montgomery (the capital), Mobile, Huntsville and Tuscaloosa. The most populous localities and counties directly link to their informational Explore the largest cities in Alabama for 2025, based on the largest population size, area size and population density. Find cities with highest Asian population, key demographic shifts and more. [11][12] Greater Birmingham is Alabama's largest metropolitan area and its economic center. Find cities with highest White population, key demographic shifts and more. However, the pace of Read the full release. With population of 658,466, Jefferson County is the most populated. Major Cities in Alabama by Population Birmingham 211,705 Montgomery 204,095 Mobile 194,942 Huntsville 184,132 Tuscaloosa 93,325 Hoover 82,849 Dothan 67,574 Auburn 56,986 Decatur 55,641 Madison 44,866 Florence 39,738 View Full List 18 hours ago · The Gulf Shores City Council unanimously passed a tax on vapor products on Monday to avoid a state-mandated tax that goes into effect next year. Cities have a minimum population threshold of 2,000 people and towns have between 300 and 1,999 people. May 6, 2025 · Map of Alabama Cities and towns - List of Cities in Alabama by Population, also check popular & largest cities in Alabama at Whereig. Huntsville continues to move farther into the lead, with a population now topping 225,000. Birmingham is currently declining at a rate of -0. Its largest cities range from bustling economic hubs to charming towns with rich traditions. Alabama is divided into 67 counties and contains 465 municipalities consisting of 174 cities and 287 towns. Sure List of Alabama ZIP codes for Alabama. Apr 21, 2025 · The state is also known for other things too like having some of the best football in the SEC right here in Tuscaloosa. [10] Its oldest city is Mobile, founded by French colonists (Alabama Creoles) in 1702 as the capital of French Louisiana. Between 2019 and 2024, Huntsville grew by 29,828 people. 01K people) which was 4. The updated estimates showed population change from July 1, 2021 to May 11, 2024 · There are total of 573 towns and cities in the state of Alabama. Birmingham, Alabama Population: 200,733 Median Sale Price: $139,450 Birmingham, AL homes for sale Birmingham, AL houses for rent As the largest city in the state, Birmingham is a cultural hub, boasting world-class museums, theaters, and a burgeoning culinary scene. Find out how many people live in each area, from big cities to small towns, and see how Alabama population is spread out across the state. Feb 10, 2025 · Explore latest ranking of cities in Alabama by White population, with a 5-year trend analysis. Alphabetical list of cities in Alabama. The most recent census shows that its population has decreased by 0. As defined by the United States Census Bureau, an incorporated place includes cities, towns, villages, boroughs, and municipalities. This is a list of the most populous municipal corporations of the United States. The incorporated places consist of 167 cities and 293 towns. 1% since the most recent census, which recorded a population of 200,375 in 2020. Alabama has 461 incorporated municipalities, consisting of both 174 cities and 287 towns. Amongst Alabama’s many cities one should start to wonder which one is the most populated. Discover the largest cities in Alabama by population and size. Feb 10, 2025 · Explore latest ranking of cities in Alabama by Asian population, with a 5-year trend analysis. Apr 1, 1990 · Cities & Places The population of all cities and unincorporated places in Alabama with more than 15,000 inhabitants according to census results and latest official estimates. Alabama has a land area of 50,651. A number of other Alabama counties also boast relatively large populations for their state, though not able to match the density of Jefferson County: Madison County : 430,590 Jan 12, 2024 · The most African American cities in Alabama are Fairfield and Prichard for 2024 based on Saturday Night Science. Birmingham, largest metropolitan area Huntsville, largest city and second largest metropolitan area Mobile, third largest metropolitan area The following is a list of the largest metropolitan areas in the US state of Alabama. According to census data, Huntsville’s Jan 2, 2025 · List of the largest cities in the United States, ranked by population, using the the latest 2024 census population data. Aug 7, 2025 · The most populous cities in California are Los Angeles with 3,878,704, San Diego at 1,404,452, San Jose with 997,368, San Francisco at 827,526, and Fresno with 550,105. Get the latest Census data on population, income, age, and households. Jan 2, 2025 · A historical list of the largest cities in the state of Alabama from the 2020 census, ranked by population Sep 4, 2025 · List of All Cities in Alabama Alphabetically All Alabama cities and towns listed in alphabetical order. | Alabama… Dothan is a city in and the county seat of Houston County in the U. . Jan 2, 2025 · A historical list of the largest cities in the state of Alabama from the 2022 census, ranked by population Search an interactive map of all Alabama cities with a complete list of all cities and towns with Livability Scores. Lists of counties and cities by population, wealth and poverty in Alabama. Jan 2, 2025 · A historical list of the largest cities in the state of Alabama from the 2018 census, ranked by population Aug 7, 2025 · The most populous cities in Georgia are Atlanta with 520,070, Augusta-Richmond County at 206,303, Columbus with 201,830, Macon-Bibb County at 157,056, and Savannah with 148,808. These cities are spread across Alabama’s 67 counties. Aug 8, 2024 · Alabama has around 460 incorporated cities and towns. Please check back later. It had a population of 71,258 at the 2023 census, [2] making it Alabama's eighth-largest city by population and the 5th largest in Alabama by total area. You can get the most current Census population data for all 67 Alabama counties, sorted from the most populous counties in Alabama to the least, according to the 2024 Population Estimates Program. Unordered List of Cities in Alabama in Alphabetical Order Abbeville, AL Adamsville, AL Addison, AL Akron, AL Alabaster, AL Albertville, AL Alexander City, AL Aliceville, AL Allgood, AL Altoona, AL Andalusia, AL Anderson, AL Anniston, AL Arab, AL Ardmore, AL Argo, AL Ariton, AL Jul 1, 2024 · Top 10 Cities of Alabama ranked by population and presented with map, charts and links to related pages. Declining birth rates, an aging population, and fewer immigrants are all contributing to historically slow growth rates. Jun 28, 2019 · How many counties are there in Alabama? As of 2024, there are a total of 67 counties in the state of Alabama. From civil rights landmarks to thriving industries, the largest cities in Alabama reflect the state's dynamic character. Access current Alabama demographics: population, race, age, income, and poverty stats from the US Census Bureau. You can get the most current Census population data for all 667 Georgia cities, sorted from the most populous cities in Georgia to the least, according to the 2024 Population Estimates Program and 2023 American QuickFacts is currently undergoing a maintenance cycle. As of the 2020 United States Census, there are 461 incorporated cities and towns in the U. Jul 1, 2025 · Alabama Census & Demographic Data - July 1, 2025The tables below provide updated data and demographic estimates for Alabama as of July 1, 2025. 4% of its population. Birmingham is a city located in Jefferson County, Alabama. , excluding water areas contained in the entity) For Aug 14, 2024 · The city’s population is heavily influenced by the presence of the University of Alabama, which attracts students, faculty, and staff from across the state and beyond. And no question Huntsville’s growing and making all the popular lists. Search cities in Alabama, United States. [3][4] These cities and towns cover only 9. You can search for a specific locality or use the A-Z index. You can all see a comprehensive list of all 316 cities and places in Alabama. Find information on each city or town, including coordinates, mayor details, population, and more. [a] A few exceptional census-designated places (CDPs) are also included in the Census Bureau's listing of incorporated places. Nearby, The Shoals added 424 residents, with growth in both Florence and Muscle Shoals continuing a positive trend. Birmingham has a 2025 population of 194,156. Census Bureau’s Vintage 2024 Subcounty population estimates released today. Jun 6, 2022 · Across a region, the biggest population gains were in north Alabama. It is the 28th largest state by area. Jan 2, 2025 · List of the largest cities in the state of Alabama, ranked by population, using the the latest 2024 census population data. 04 residents per square miles, Mobile County has a population of 412,992 and area of 1,229. Birmingham and Montgomery are also continuing to see population declines. This list ranks the 460 cities in the Alabama by Multi-Racial Black or African American population, as estimated by the United States Census Bureau. 1 spot. The largest city in Alabama is Birmingham, followed by Huntsville, Mobile, Montgomery, Tuscaloosa, Hoover, Dothan, Auburn, Decatur, and Madison. 14M in 2025, with steady growth and economic development. The city’s industrial past is visible in its historic districts, such as the revitalized Railroad Park. 02M. Neighboring Opelika has also grown, adding an estimated 465 in 2021. Sure, you can copy this list right into your favorite spreadsheet tool. May 21, 2024 · Montgomery’s estimated population decline of 1,657 was the largest drop among Alabama cities and compares to a decline of 695 in Mobile and 243 in Birmingham. List of all cities and towns in Mobile County, Al Major Cities and Towns in Mobile County, Alabama Mobile Area, Population, Zip Codes, Latitude, and Longitude Information for Alabama state - population, growth, income, time zone, area codes on localistica. 4% —the lowest rate since the 1930s. For instance, Birmingham, a Class 1 city, has over 300,000 residents, while cities in Classes 2 through 8 have populations ranging from 175,000 down to 6,000. Since 2010, Auburn’s population has increased 43%, the fastest rate of growth among cities over 20,000. The results can be sorted alphabetically, by county, by population, by median household income, or by median age. Alabama (USA): Counties in Places with population statistics, charts and maps. The average household income in Birmingham is $68,440 with a HOW ALABAMA CITIES COMPARE An examination of revenue and expenditure data for municipalities to provide insight and drive informed choices. May 30, 2022 · Alabama grew between 2020 and 2021, but more than half of cities and towns in the state either shrank or stayed stagnant. Jun 1, 2023 · Huntsville continued to surge ahead as Alabama’s three other largest cities lost population to surrounding suburbs. A municipality with a population of 2,000 or more is a city, while less than 2,000 is a town. Topics in the Alabama data profile include: Populations and People; Income and Poverty; Education; Employment; Housing; Health; Business and Economy; Families and Living Arrangements; Race and Ethnicity Huntsville bucked the trend of large city population loss, adding 1,920 residents according to the estimates. 02% since the previous census. S May 27, 2023 · Population statistics in maps and charts for states, counties, cities, places, urban areas and metropolitan areas in the United States of America. Ranking of Alabama Cities and Places By Total Population from Census 2020According to the data from the US 2020 decennial Census, the total population of Alabama was 5. Explore key facts, growth trends, and what makes these cities great places to live, study, and work! Flag of Alabama State As you explore our list, you’ll find relevant facts about each city and town, including population figures that shed light on their size and vitality. Profiles for 202 cities, towns and other populated places in Mobile County Alabama Incorporated Cities, Towns & Census Designated Places in Mobile County Incorporated Places have an asterisk (*). Here are the top 10 largest cities in Alabama according to World Population Review. [b] Consolidated city-counties represent a distinct Alabama is a state in the Southeast region of the United States, known for the Appalachian foothills, Gulf Coast shores, and dense pine forests. The capital city is Montgomery, which is also the second-largest city in the state. All files are Excel Spreadsheets unless otherwise noted. May 18, 2025 · The U. May 28, 2025 · This page features city and town population estimates totals for years 2020-2024. Nov 6, 2023 · Using the latest Census data, we detail the 100 biggest cities in Alabama. Largest Cities by Population in Alabama The largest cities in Alabama by population are Huntsville (215,025), Birmingham (200,431), Montgomery (199,819), Mobile (186,316), and Tuscaloosa (105,797). Get accurate data now! Below is a list of all the localities (cities, towns, and unincorporated areas) in Alabama. List of Alabama cities by population: from largest (biggest) to smallest. Cities in Alabama: Know about the list of major cities in Alabama and their details like area, population, cost of living, interesting facts and other relevant details. 37K), and Birmingham city (196. Chart and table of population level and growth rate for the state of Alabama from 1900 to 2024. Population: count of all residents of the given entity at the time of the survey, excluding visitors Population Density: population divided by the total land area of the entity (i. A slight portion of the city extends into Dale and Henry counties. Free PDF included. Huntsville added 4,100 new residents last year and the neighboring city of Madison and Foley in Baldwin County added just over 3,000 residents to their population. 44 square miles. Jan 26, 2023 · The city of Phenix City, which has a population of about 38,816 people, is located in the counties of Lee and Russell in the U. A Abbeville, AL Adamsville, AL Addison, AL Akron, AL The Census Bureau has released the latest estimates from the American Community Survey for all cities in Alabama with a population of 60,000 or more with sufficient data to estimate the population. 28% of Alabama's population, followed by Birmingham city (200. Symbols are sized proportionally to a city's percent share of the state population. The Code of Alabama 1975 defines the legal use of the terms “town” and “city” based on population. 2 in population among Alabama cities. A Abbeville, AL Adamsville, AL Addison, AL Akron, AL Alabaster, AL Albertville, AL Alexander City, AL Alexandria, AL Aliceville, AL Allgood, AL Altoona, AL Andalusia, AL Anderson, AL Anniston, AL Arab, AL Ardmore, AL Ariton, AL Arley, AL 10 Biggest cities in Alabama by Population Huntsville (225,564) Birmingham (196,644) Montgomery (195,287) Mobile (182,595) Tuscaloosa (111,338) Hoover (92,448) Auburn (82,025) Dothan (71,258) Madison (60,854) Decatur (58,321) List of Towns and Cities in Alabama Alphabetically All Alabama Towns and Cities listed in alphabetical order. With population density of 336. Only Auburn added more, 2,135, which was more population gain than any other Alabama city. Uncover the unique stories and growth trends of Alabama's urban areas. Census Tracts/Block List of cities and towns in AlabamaMap of the United States with Alabama highlighted. It also highlights population changes in each cities over the past five years. Alabama's capital is Montgomery, and its largest city by population and area is Huntsville. Currently, the population estimates have Birmingham in third, just Jul 9, 2024 · Wondering where the largest cities in Alabama are and what they're like to live in? We created this helpful guide for renters looking for the right city. May 19, 2025 · The Rocket City drew 11 people per day into its orbit in 2024, continuing to widen the population gap with Alabama’s other big cities. 64% annually and its population has decreased by -3. Jan 2, 2025 · A historical list of the largest cities in the state of Alabama from the 2019 census, ranked by population Introduction Alabama's population became more diverse over the past decade as the number of non-Hispanic Whites declined and more Alabamians identified as being of a different race, a mixture of races, or of Hispanic descent. Mobile County Cities Summary Largest City Mobile is the largest city in Mobile County, with a population of 179,911. Feb 18, 2025 · Alabama's population reaches 5. Dec 10, 2022 · Discover Alabama population facts easily with our list of counties and cities. Jun 29, 2019 · How many cities are there in Alabama? There are a total of 573 towns and cities in the state of Alabama. In addition to Huntsville’s growth, Athens, in Limestone County, added over 1,300, and the City of Madison almost 1,000. New population estimates released Thursday by the U. Census Bureau last week released updated population estimates for all 462 incorporated cities and towns in Alabama. Madison County Cities Summary Largest City Huntsville is the largest city in Madison County, with a population of 231,668. The cities are classified based on population size. It is near the state's southeastern corner, about 20 miles (32 km) west of Georgia and Biggest Cities Alabama, United StatesAlabama - 10 Largest Cities 50 most populous cities in Alabama with their population numbers: Feb 28, 2025 · Explore latest statistics on Alabama population by year. Across the entire northern tier of the state, almost all the cities and towns showed growth. Our Alabama Census Data Comparison Tool allows you to compare and rank AL cities, towns, ZIP Codes and Counties. Select a city to view an interactive map, list of zipcodes and current weather of that city. However, despite its annexation bump, Census estimates show Mobile is still losing population, dropping by over 500 over the past year to an estimated 201,367. state of Alabama. [1] Incorporated Places The population of all incorporated places in the State of Alabama according to census results and latest offcial estimates. With a population of over 5 million, the Heart of Dixie has several major cities with a population of over 50,000. 6% of the state’s land mass but are home to 60. May 22, 2024 · Population Growth From 2022 to 2023, 259 cities and towns in Alabama experienced some population growth, gaining at least one person. Feb 10, 2025 · Explore latest ranking of cities in Alabama by Black population, with a 5-year trend analysis. Learn interesting facts & trends to help you make best business decisions. Table 1 below has the cities and towns in Alabama with the highest population growth. From Huntsville to Decatur, here is everything you need to know about the largest cities in Alabama! Jan 26, 2025 · Alabama, the "Heart of Dixie," is a state steeped in Southern history, natural beauty and vibrant culture. 6% of the state's land mass but are home to 60. It is also the county seat of Jefferson County. Top 10 biggest cities by population are Birmingham, Montgomery, Mobile, Huntsville, Tuscaloosa, Hoover, Dothan, Decatur, Auburn, and Madison while top ten largest cities by land area are Huntsville, Montgomery, Birmingham, Mobile, Dothan, Tuscaloosa, Opelika, Eufaula, Auburn, and Fort Payne Oct 21, 2022 · Alabama is the 24th largest state by the populace. e. S. states, the District of Columbia, and the 5 inhabited territories of the United States, as of July 1, 2023, as estimated by the United States Census Bureau. Feb 10, 2025 · Explore latest ranking of counties in Alabama by White population, with a 5-year trend analysis. Aug 5, 2021 · Alabama Counties list and population density map in Excel. The chart and table below shows the ranking of all of Alabama cities and places with a population of at least 10K, based on the percentage of the population that identified as Black or African American Alone. [1] As of 2020, Birmingham has the biggest metropolitan area and urban area in Alabama followed by Huntsville. By 2020, that percentage was down to 63%. Using the latest data from the Census Bureau, see which ZIPs in Alabama have the highest population Cullman County Cities Summary Largest City Cullman is the largest city in Cullman County, with a population of 20,901. Historic City Populations of Alabama Use the slider to scroll through the 20 largest cities in Alabama by decade. Jun 2, 2025 · Explore Alabama's vibrant cities and uncover the diverse population landscape. Jan 2, 2025 · A historical list of the largest cities in the state of Alabama from the 2000 census, ranked by population May 30, 2025 · Huntsville, Foley, Madison and Athens all saw population increases in 2024 making them the top four cities in Alabama to bring in the most new residents by numbers. Aug 7, 2025 · You can get the most current Census population data for all 589 Alabama cities, sorted from the most populous cities in Alabama to the least, according to the 2024 Population Estimates Program and 2023 American Community Survey. Birmingham, AL Population: 233,149 (US Census 2000) Montgomery, AL Population: 200,983 (US Census 2000) Mobile, AL Population: 192,759 (US Feb 14, 2024 · 2. 73K people) which was 4. Find cities with highest Hispanic Asian population, key demographic shifts and more. 0 square miles and a water area of 1,769. A minimum population of 300 is required to incorporate in Alabama. These data are provided as a free service from the University of Alabama’s Center for Business and Economic Research as part of their role as the lead agency for the Alabama State Data Center (ASDC) and for the Federal State Cooperative for Population Estimates (FSCPE). Find cities with highest Black population, key demographic shifts and more. Sep 2, 2020 · These cities and towns cover only 9. May 15, 2025 · Cities of all sizes grew on average from 2023 to 2024, according to the U. Find out the population, time zones, current local time and more Alabama facts. slszbt izh xsboth dumfwi sskcvhh uifos ozvxbqrw blnxwc rppc pjwu